SciPy Minimize doesn’t pass all guesses on?

I am trying to minimize a function of two variables using SciPy. The function itself is a chain of multiple lambda functions (makes it complicated but unfortunately it is the easiest way to write the expressions I need).

However, when using SciPy’s minimize routine, I get the error “TypeError: () missing 1 required positional argument: ‘labour'”

Strangely enough, if I pass the arguments to the function directly, there is no error, so I assume that my chaining was correct.

Here is a minimum reproducible example:

# Preliminaries 0: import packages
import numpy as np
from scipy import optimize

# Preliminaries 1: Set parameters

alpha = 0.4
gamma = 0.4
delta = 0.05
beta = 0.95

# Preliminaries 2: Define functions

production_f = lambda capital, labour : (capital** alpha) * (labour ** (1-alpha))
utility_f_uni = lambda consumption, labour : np.log(consumption) + gamma * np.log(1-labour) if (consumption > 0 and labour > 0 and labour < 1) else -5000
law_of_motion_f = lambda current_capital, next_capital, labour : production_f(current_capital, labour) - next_capital + (1-delta) * current_capital
utility_f_multi = lambda current_capital, next_capital, labour : utility_f_uni(law_of_motion_f(current_capital, next_capital, labour), labour)

optimization_f = lambda current_capital, next_capital, labour, value_f: utility_f_multi(current_capital, next_capital, labour) + beta * value_f(next_capital)

max_capital = lambda capital : production_f(capital, 1) + (1 - delta) * capital

For those knowledgeable of Dynamic Programming, I am trying to derive the value function of a growth model using Value Function iteration, but I didn’t get so far yet. The period payoff is given by utility_f_multi. The Value function guess is given by optimization_f, which takes in four arguments including the previous value function guess.

In my example, I generate an interpolation that is closer to the true value function, but for all intents and purposes the constant 0 function also suffices. I then go on to create the optimization problem given our state variable

initial_value = lambda x : 0
current_optimization_f = lambda next_capital, labour: -optimization_f(3, next_capital, labour, initial_value)

Finally, I pass on the problem to the minimize function, from which the error results:

optimized_problem = optimize.minimize(current_optimization_f, [2,0.2])

The message, as mentioned previously, is “() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘labour'”

However, if I just pass on the two arguments to the function by hand, I receive no issue

print(current_optimization_f(2, 0.3))

which returns a value without problems.

Any help on this issue would be appreciated!

Answer

The function that you pass to scipy.minimize must use a singular argument for all the numerical inputs.

Imaging you wrote your function like:

def current_optimization_f(next_capital, labour):
   return optimization_f(3, next_capital, labour, initial_value)

scipy will call:

current_optimization([2, 0.3])

rather than

current_optimization(2, 0.3)

You can use an additional lambda to unpack the arguments:

obj_func = lambda x: current_optimization(*x)

rtn = optimize.minimize(obj_func, [2, 0.3])

And also, unrelated to your question, you should look at CasADI to solve these types of questions

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Answer