How do I parse a string to a float or int?

• How can I convert a str to float?

  "545.2222"  →  545.2222
  

• How can I convert a str to int?

  "31"        →  31
  

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_{For the reverse, see Convert integer to string in Python and Converting a float to a string without rounding it.}

_{Please instead use How can I read inputs as numbers? to close duplicate questions where OP received a string from user input and immediately wants to convert it, or was hoping for input (in 3.x) to convert the type automatically.}

Answer

>>> a = "545.2222"
>>> float(a)
545.22220000000004
>>> int(float(a))
545