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Write file to a directory that doesn’t exist

How do I using with open() as f: ... to write the file in a directory that doesn’t exist.

For example:

with open('/Users/bill/output/output-text.txt', 'w') as file_to_write:
    file_to_write.write("{}n".format(result))

Let’s say the /Users/bill/output/ directory doesn’t exist. If the directory doesn’t exist just create the directory and write the file there.

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Answer

You need to first create the directory.

The mkdir -p implementation from this answer will do just what you want. mkdir -p will create any parent directories as required, and silently do nothing if it already exists.

Here I’ve implemented a safe_open_w() method which calls mkdir_p on the directory part of the path, before opening the file for writing:

import os, os.path
import errno

# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/600612/119527
def mkdir_p(path):
    try:
        os.makedirs(path)
    except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5
        if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
            pass
        else: raise

def safe_open_w(path):
    ''' Open "path" for writing, creating any parent directories as needed.
    '''
    mkdir_p(os.path.dirname(path))
    return open(path, 'w')

with safe_open_w('/Users/bill/output/output-text.txt') as f:
    f.write(...)

Updated for Python 3:

import os, os.path

def safe_open_w(path):
    ''' Open "path" for writing, creating any parent directories as needed.
    '''
    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), exist_ok=True)
    return open(path, 'w')

with safe_open_w('/Users/bill/output/output-text.txt') as f:
    f.write(...)
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